Solar simba nderupi rudzi rwesimba rinogadzirwa nezuva.

Simba reSolar rakagadzirwa neNyukireya Fusion inoitika muzuva. Fusion inoitika kana protons yehydrogen maatomu echisimba zvine mwero mumusimbe uye fuse kugadzira helium atomu.

Maitiro aya, anozivikanwa sePP (proton-proton) maitiro ekuita, anoburitsa huwandu hwakawanda hwesimba. Mune yavo musimboti, zuva rinobuda pamamirioni mazana matanhatu nemakumi maviri emamirioni ematani e hydrogen sekondi imwe neimwe. Iyo yePP Ca Chair reaction inoitika mune dzimwe nyeredzi dziri pamusoro pehukuru hwezuva redu, uye dzinovapa simba rinoenderera mberi nekupisa. Tembiricha yeiyi nyeredzi dzakatenderedza madhigirii mana paKelvin chiyero (anenge mamirioni mana emamiriyoni celsius, mamirioni manomwe emiriyoni Fahrenheit).

Mune nyeredzi dzinenge 1,3 times yakakura kupfuura zuva, iyo cno cycle inotyaira chisikwa chesimba. Iyo cno concle zvakare inoshandura hydrogen kuenda kuHelium, asi inovimba ne kabhoni, nitrogen, uye oxygen (c, n, uye o) kuita kudaro. Parizvino, zvisingasviki maviri muzana yesimba rezuva rakagadzirwa neCno concle.

Yenyukireya yeNucusion nePP Ca Chain Reaction kana Cno Concle inoburitsa huwandu hukuru hwesimba mune fomu yemafungu uye zvidimbu. Simba reSolar rinogara richitsvuka kubva kuzuva uye mumamiriro ezuva rose. Simba reSolar rinodziya pasi, rinokonzera mhepo nemamiriro ekunze, uye anochengetedza chirimwa uye hupenyu hwemhuka.

Simba, kupisa, uye mwenje kubva kuzuva rinoyerera kubva fomu reElectromagnetic radiation (EMR).

Iyo Electromagnetic Spectrumur iripo semafungu ezvakawanda uye mawlengths. Iyo yekudzikama yemufungi inomiririra kangani kano wave anozvidzisazve mune chimwe chinhu chenguva. Mafungu ane pfupi pfupi mavhiri anodzokorora ivo vanoverengeka kakawanda muchikamu chakapihwa, saka ivo vakakwira-frequency. Mukupesana, mafungu akaderera-akaderera ane akawanda akareba mawlengths.

Ruzhinji rwemafundisi elekomagnic haionekwe kwatiri. Iyo yakawanda kwazvo mafungu akazara yakabuda neZuva ndege Gamma Rays, X-Rays, uye Ultraviolet radiation (UV RAY). Iyo inokuvadza kwazvo uv ravers dzinenge dzakatsiga zvakanyatsobatwa nemhepo yepasi. Zvishoma zvine simba uv ray kufamba kuburikidza nemhepo, uye inogona kukonzera zuva.

Zuva rinoburitsa runyorwa radiation, mafungu ane zvakaderera-frequency. Kupisa kwakawanda kubva kuzuva kunobva seInfrared Energy.

Sandwiched pakati pezvinyorwa uye UV ndiyo inoonekwa spectrum, iyo ine mavara ese atinoona pasi pano. Iyo Red Red ine iyo yakareba mawleths (ari padyo nekufungidzira), uye violet (padyo neUV) ipfupi.

Simba reSalar Solar

Greenhouse maitiro
Iyo infrared, inoonekwa, uye mawadhi anooneka anowana pasi pasi mune imwe nzira yekudziya nyika uye kuita kuti hupenyu huvepo-hunonzi "greenhouse maitiro."

Anenge makumi matatu muzana muzana yesimba rezuva rinosvika pasi rinoratidzwa musana. Zororo rakanyudzwa mumamiriro ekunze epasi. Iyo radiation inodziya pamusoro pepasi, uye iyo nzvimbo inopenya mamwe esimba kumashure kunze mune mafungu emisangano. Sezvo ivo pavanosimuka kuburikidza nemamiriro ekunze, vanodzidziswa neGreenhouse magasi, senge mupfu wemvura uye kabhoni diokidide.

Greenhouse magasi anoteya kupisa uko kunoratidza kumashure mumhepo. Nenzira iyi, vanoita kunge madziro egirazi egirini yegirini. Iyi greenhouse maitiro anochengeta pasi rinodziya zvakakwana kuti risimbe hupenyu.

Photosynthesis
Zvinenge zvese hupenyu pasi pano dzinovimba nesimba rekudya zvekudya, kungave zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga.

Vagadziri vakavimbika zvakananga pane simba rezuva. Ivo vanotora zuva uye vanoshandura muzvivakwa kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi photosynthesis. Vagadziri, vanonziwo Autotrophs, vanosanganisira zvidyarwa, Algae, mabhakitiriya, uye fungui. Autotrophs ndiyo nheyo dzewebhu rekudya.

Vatengi vanovimba nevaridzi vezvinovaka muviri. Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, uye detritivores dzivhara pane solar simba zvisina kunanga zvisina kunanga. Herbivores anodya zvidyarwa uye vamwe vanogadzira. Carnivores uye omnivores anodya vese vari vaviri vanogadzira uye herbivores. Detritivores denders inoda chirimwa uye mhuka yemhuka nekuzvipedza.

Fossil mafuta
Photosynthesis ine iyo inokonzera kune ese ese ezvekuita zvinhu zvepasi pano. Masayendisiti anofungidzira kuti angangoita mabhiriyoni matatu emakore apfuura, iyo yekutanga autrophs yakashanduka mumatare emvura. Chiedza chezuva chakabvumidza kudyara hupenyu kuti ubudirire uye ubate. Mushure mekufa kweAreotrophs akafa, ivo vakaora uye vakadzivirirwa zvakadzama mupasi, dzimwe nguva zviuru zvemamita. Iyi nzira yakaramba iri mamirioni emakore.

Mukudzvinyirirwa kwakanyanya uye kupisa kwakanyanya, izvi zvinosara zvakava izvo zvatinoziva sezvinoita fossil mafuta. Mikanaorganiss yakava petroleum, gasi rechisikigo, uye marasha.

Vanhu vakagadzira maitiro ekubvisa aya mafossil mafuta uye achishandisa ivo simba. Nekudaro, fossil mafuta isinga tsanangurike. Ivo vanotora mamirioni emakore kuti aumbe.

Kusungwa kwezuva solar simba

Simba reSolar ishanduro inovandudzwa, uye matekinoro mazhinji anogona kukohwa zvakananga kushandiswa mudzimba, mabhizinesi, zvikoro, uye zvipatara. Dzimwe tsika dzeSolar dzesimba dzinosanganisira mapikicha emapikicha uye mapaneru, akasvinura solar simba, uye vagadziri vezvivakwa.

Pane nzira dzakasiyana dzekutapa reddiation solar uye ichishandura kuva simba rinoshanda. Nzira dzinoshandisa ingave inoshanda solar simba kana simba renyika.

Active Solar Technologies anoshandisa zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kana michina yekushambadzira kushingairira kushandura simba sosi mune imwe nzira yesimba, kazhinji inopisa kupisa kana magetsi. Passive solar tekinoroji haishandise chero zvishandiso zvekunze. Panzvimbo pezvo, ivo vanoshandisa mukana wemamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze kune zvivakwa zvekupisa munguva yechando, uye fungisisa kupisa panguva yezhizha.

Photosoltaics

Photosoltaics inzira yeiyo inoshanda Solar tekinoroji yakawanikwa muna 1839 neFrance French yeFrench Alexandre-Edmond Bond. BecQueerel akawana kuti paakaisa sirivheri-chlorie mumhinduro ye acidic uye akafumura kusvika kuzuva, iyo platinum emagetsi akasungirirwa nayo yakagadzirwa magetsi aripo. Maitiro aya ekugadzira magetsi zvakananga kubva mukurara kweSolar kunodaidzwa kuti photovoltaic mhedzisiro, kana photovoltaics.

Nhasi, fotovoltaics ingangove iri nzira inozivikanwa yekubatanidza simba reSolar. Photosoltaic Arrays kazhinji inosanganisira solar mapaneru, muunganidzwa wezvakawanda kana kunyange mazana emasero ezuva.

Imwe neimwe sero sero ine semiconductor, kazhinji yakagadzirwa nesilikoni. Kana Semiconductor ichienda kwezuva, inogogodza magetsi. Munda wemagetsi unotungamira aya akasununguka elekitoni mune magetsi aripo, kuyerera munzira imwe. Metal mafambidzana kumusoro uye pasi pechitokisi chezuva inotungamira iyo iripo kune chinhu chekunze. Chinhu chekunze chinogona kunge chiri chidiki senge solar-powerecal calculator kana yakakura sechiteshi chemagetsi.

Photosoltaics yakatanga kushandiswa zvakanyanya pane spacecraft. Vazhinji satellite, kusanganisira iyo International Space Station (ITSVE), inoratidzika "mapapiro" anoratidza "iya" yemapani emwenje. Iyo inoiswa ine matsime maviri eruzhinji (saws), mumwe nemumwe anoshandisa anenge maseru makumi matatu emasikati ezuva. Aya mafomu eposvovoltauc anogovera magetsi ese kune iyo Iss, achibvumira nyeredzi kuti ishandire chiteshi, kugara muchengetedzeka muchikamu kwemwedzi panguva, uye kuitisa muyedzo wesainzi uye engineering.

Zviteshi zveThevoltOIC Simba zvakavakirwa pasi rese. Zviteshi zvikuru zviri muUnited States, India, uye China. Iyi nhumbi dzemagetsi dzinoburitsa mazana egawatts yemagetsi, aimbopa dzimba, mabhizinesi, zvikoro, nezvipatara.

Photovoltaic tekinoroji inogona zvakare kuiswa pane diki diki. Solar mapanera uye masero anogona kugadziriswa kumatenga edenga kana kunze kwemadziro ezvivakwa, achipa magetsi echimiro. Ivo vanogona kuiswa mumigwagwa yekuedza migwagwa mikuru. Masero eSolar zvidiki zvakakwana kuti asimbewo zvishandiso zvidiki, sekuverenga, metres ekupaka, mitezo yemarara, uye mapapu emvura.

Simba rakamanikidza solar simba

Imwe mhando yeiyo inoshanda solar tekinoroji yakamanikidzwa solar simba kana simba renzvimbo yezuva (CLP). CPS tekinoroji inoshandisa lens uye magirazi kutarisisa (kuisa pfungwa) kwezuva kubva kunzvimbo yakakura munzvimbo diki diki. Iyi nharaunda yakakura yeradi inoyera mvura, iyo inoshanduka magetsi kana mafuta mamwe maitiro.

Mota dzeSolar muenzaniso wesimba rakamanikidza simba. Kune akawanda marudzi akasiyana emakwenzi eSolar, kusanganisira solar simba shongwe, trous troughs, uye fresnel inotaridza. Ivo vanoshandisa iyo yakafanana nzira yekubata uye shandura simba.

Solar simba shongwe dzinoshandisa heliostats, magirazi echokwadi anotendeuka kuti atevedze arc yezuva kuburikidza nedenga. Magirazi anokandirwa achitenderedza "ngirozi yemuteremberi," uye ratidza mwenje wezuva kuita rany yechiedza chemwenje inopenya pane imwe nzvimbo yeshongwe.

Mumasangano epamberi eshongwe yemagetsi esimba, iyo yakaomeswa zuva rinopisa mudziyo wemvura, iyo yakagadzira steam iyo yakawedzera turbine. Nguva pfupi yadarika, imwe solar ine simba socers sodium sodium, iyo ine yakakwira kupisa simba uye inochengetedza kupisa kwenguva yakareba. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mvura isingabvumiri chete yeanosvika 773 kusvika 1,273k (500 ° kusvika ku4 ° ° C), asi inogona kuenderera mberi nekukwira mvura uye kuunza simba kunyangwe kana zuva risiri kupenya.

ParaBolic twunodzi uye fresnels inotarurirawo kushandisa CPSP, asi magirazi avo akaumbwa zvakasiyana. Parabolic magirazi anokomberedzwa, nechimiro chakafanana nedanda. Fresnel Performs anoshandisa flat, mitsetse yakatetepa yegirazi kutora zuva rekutora zuva uye kuitungamira pane tube yemvura. Fresnel narwo ane nzvimbo yakawanda pamusoro penzvimbo yemapundu uye inogona kutarisisa simba rezuva kusvika pamakumi matatu times.

Zvidyarwa zveSolar Solar vakatanga kugadzirwa muma1980. Nzvimbo huru kwazvo munyika inhevedzo yezvirimwa muMojave Desert muUS State of California. Iyi solar simba kugadzira system (segs) inogadzira anopfuura 650 Gigawatt-maawa emagetsi gore rega rega. Zvimwe zvidyarwa zvikuru uye zvinobudirira zvakagadzirwa muSpain neIndia.

Simba rakamanikidza simba rinogona kushandiswawo pachiyero chidiki. Inogona kuburitsa kupisa kweiyo solar yekubheja, semuenzaniso. Vanhu mumisha yose pasi rese vanoshandisa solar vanobika kuti vakabhegi mvura yehutsanana uye yekubika chikafu.

Zvishongo zveSolar zvinopa zvakawanda zvakanakira pamusoro pezvikepe zvinopisa zvehuni: hazvigone utsi hwemoto, hazvidi mafuta, uye kuderedza haragara pekugara mumasango uko miti yaizokwikwidzwa nemafuta. Solar vabati vanobvumidzawo vagari kuti vatevedze nguva yekudzidza, bhizinesi, hutano, kana mhuri panguva iyo yaimbove yamboshandiswa kuunganidza huni. Zvidimbu zveSolar zvinoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana seChid, Israel, India, uye Peru.

Solar Architecture

Muzuva rese rezuva, simba reSolar chikamu chezviitiko zveTermal convection, kana kufamba kwekupisa kubva kune inodziya nzvimbo kune inotonhorera imwe inotonhora imwe. Kana zuva rabuda, rinotanga kune zvinodziya uye zvinhu zvepanyika. Muzuva rese, zvinhu izvi zvinobata kupisa kubva mumuromo wetso. Pausiku, apo zuva ranyura uye mamiriro ezvinhu akaiswa, izvo zvinoshamisa zvinosunungura kupisa kwavo mumamiriro ekunze.

Passive Solar Energy maitiro anoshandisa mukana weiyi yekudziya kwechisikigo uye inotonhorera maitiro.

Dzimba uye zvimwe zvivakwa zvinoshandisa simba rekusava nesimba rekuparadzira hutsinye uye zvishoma. Kuverengera chivakwa "kufukura" muenzaniso weizvi. Hondo yekuvaka inodzidzisa ndeyehuwandu hwezvinyorwa zvinopiswa muzuva rose. Mienzaniso yemukuru wehuwandu hwehudyu huni, simbi, kongiri, ivhu, dombo, kana matombo. Pausiku, misa inopinza inoburitsa kupisa kwayo mukamuri. Inoshanda Ventilation Systems-mahara, Windows, uye Air Ductts-Regedza mweya wakarwa

Passive Solar tekinoroji inowanzobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwechivako. Semuenzaniso, mune chikamu chekuronga kuvaka, mainjiniya kana muvaki anogona kuenderana nechivakwa neyezuva nezuva nzira yekugamuchira inodiwa yezuva. Iyi nzira inofunga nezvehurefu, kuregedza, uye yakajairika gore chifukidzo chenzvimbo yakatarwa. Uye zvakare, zvivakwa zvinogona kuvakwa kana kudzoreredzwa kuti uve neakazara insulation, iyo yakazara misa, kana yekuwedzera shading.

Mimwe mienzaniso yekuvapo kweSolar yeSolar ndeyekutonhora matenga, zvipingamupinyi zvemwenje, uye matenga akasvibira. Donhwe rinotonhorera rakapendwa chena, uye ratidza radiation yezuva panzvimbo yekutora iyo. Iyo chena pasi inoderedza huwandu hwekupisa hunosvika mukati mechivako, izvo zvinodzora huwandu hwesimba rinodiwa kutonhora chivakwa.

Rayiant zvipingaidzo zvinoshanda zvakafanana nedenga rinotonhorera. Ivo vanopa kusimbisa nezvinhu zvinoratidzira zvakanyanya, senge aluminium foil. Iyo foil inoratidza, panzvimbo yekubatira, kupisa, uye kunogona kuderedza mari inotonhorera inosvika gumi muzana. Kuwedzera kumatenga uye maAtcts, zvipingaidzo zvenyaradzo zvinogona kuiswa pasi pasi pasi.

Matenga egreen matenga ayo akafukidzwa zvakakwana ne manyoro. Ivo vanoda ivhu uye kudiridza kuti vatsigire zvidyarwa, uye nzvimbo yemvura pasi pevhu pasi. Matenga egirini haangoderedze huwandu hwekupisa izvo zvinyorwe kana kurasika, asi zvakare zvinopa zvinomera. Kuburikidza photosynthesis, zvidyarwa pamatenga edenga matenga anokwana kabhoni dioxide uye exgen. Ivo vanosvibisa zvisina mvura kunze kwemvura uye mhepo, uye kubvisa zvimwe zvemhedzisiro yekushandisa simba munzvimbo iyoyo.

Matenga akasvibira ave ari tsika mu Scandinavia kwemazana emakore, uye achangobva kuzivikanwa muAustralia, Western Europe, Canada, uye United States. Semuenzaniso, iyo Ford mota Kambani yakafukidza zviuru makumi mana emamita mita Kuwedzera pakudzora greenhouse green ussion, matenga anoderedza dutu remvura

Matenga edenga uye matenga edenga anogona zvakare kurwisa "Urban Heatland Island" maitiro. MuMaguta akabatikana, tembiricha inogona kuve yakakwirira zvakakwirira kupfuura nzvimbo dzakapoteredza. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinobatsira kune izvi: Maguta anovakwa zvinhu zvakadai seasphalt uye kongiri iyo inobata kupisa; Zvivakwa zvizere zvinovhara mhepo nemhedzisiro yayo inotonhorera; uye huwandu hwakanyanya hwekupisa marara unogadzirwa neindasitiri, traffic, uye huwandu hwakakwirira. Uchishandisa nzvimbo iripo padenga kuti idywe miti, kana kuratidza kupisa nemachira edenga, dzinogona kuderedza tembiricha yemuno kuwedzera mumadhorobha.

Simba uye vanhu

Sezvo mwenje wezuva unongopenya kweanoda kusvika hafu yezuva muzvikamu zvakawanda zvepasi, tekinoroji eSolas inofanirwa kusanganisira nzira dzekuchengetedza simba panguva yerima maawa.

Inopisa masisitimu anoshandisa parafin wax kana akasiyana mafomu emunyu kuti achengete simba nenzira yekupisa. Photovoltaic Systems inogona kutumira yakawandisa magetsi kune iyo yemuno simba grid, kana kuchengeta iyo simba mumabhatiri anogadziriswazve.

Kune zvakawanda zvakashata uye zviri nyore kushandisa simba rezuva.

Zvakanakira
Iko mukana mukuru kushandisa simba reSolar ndeyekuti ibasa revhenekeri. Tichava neyakagadzikana, isina muganho yekupa kwezuva kune mamwe makore mashanu emabhiriyoni. Muawa imwe chete, mamiriro ekunze epasi anogashira zuva rakakwana rekusimbisa magetsi anoda magetsi emunhu wese wepanyika kwegore.

Simba reSolar rakachena. Mushure mekushandisa tekinoroji yeSolar yakavakwa uye kuiswa munzvimbo, simba reSolar haidi mafuta ekushanda. Izvo zvakare hazvisimbise greenhouse magasi kana zvinhu zvine chepfu. Kushandisa simba reSolar kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kukanganisa kwatinako pane zvakatipoteredza.

Kune nzvimbo dzine simba renyika rinoshanda. Dzimba uye Zvivakwa munzvimbo dzine huwandu hwezuva uye yakaderera gore chifukidzo ine mukana wekusimbisa simba rakawanda rezuva.

Zvidimbu zveSolar zvinopa imwe nzira yakanaka yekubika ine danda-dzakapfeka zvivhe-pane iyo vanhu mabhiriyoni maviri vachiri kuvimba. Zvishongo zveSolar zvinopa nzira yekuchenesa uye yakachengeteka yekutsvaga mvura uye inobika chikafu.

SOLAR SANGANO DZINOGONESESESA ZVIMWE ZVAKAWANDA ZVESE ZVESANGANO, senge mhepo kana hydroelectric simba.

Dzimba kana mabhizinesi anoisa zvakabudirira Solar mapaneru anogona kunyatsogadzira magetsi. Aya varidzi vemba kana vevabhizinesi vanogona kutengesa simba kudzokera kumupi wemagetsi, kuderedza kana kutobvisa mabhiri emagetsi.

Zvinokuvadza
Iyo inodzivirira yekudzivirira kushandisa solar simba ndiyo inodiwa michina. Solar Technology michina inodhura. Kutenga nekuisa michina kunogona kudhura makumi ezviuru emadhora emisha yega yega. Kunyangwe hurumende ichiwanzopa mitero yakaderedzwa kuvanhu uye mabhizinesi uchishandisa simba rezuva, uye tekinoroji inogona kubvisa magetsi emugetsi, mutengo wekutanga wakadzikawo kuti vazhinji vafunge.

Solar Enerce Equipment zvakare inorema. Kuti adzorere kudzoreredza kana kuisa masosi emwenje padenga rechivakwa, denga rinofanira kunge rakasimba, rakakura, uye rakatarisana nenzira yezuva.

Vese vari vaviri vanoshanda uye vanopfuura solar tekinoroji inoenderana nezvinhu zviri kunze kwekutonga kwedu, senge mamiriro ekunze uye gore. Nzvimbo dzekunze dzinofanira kudzidzwa kuti uone kana simba renyika raizobudirira munzvimbo iyoyo.

Chiedza chezuva chinofanira kuve chakawanda uye chinoenderana nesimba rezuva kuti uve sarudzo inoshanda. Munzvimbo zhinji dziri pasi pano, kushamisika kwezuva kunoita kuti zviome kushandisa seye chete sosi yesimba.