Magasi egreenhouse anobata kupisa kunodzokera mudenga.Nenzira iyi, vanoita segirazi madziro egreenhouse.Iyi greenhouse effect inoita kuti Nyika irambe ichidziya zvakakwana kuchengetedza hupenyu.

Photosynthesis
Zvinenge zvipenyu zvese paPasi zvinotsamira pasimba rezuva rekudya, zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga.

Vagadziri vanovimba zvakananga pane simba rezuva.Dzinosveta chiedza chezuva dzochishandura kuva chikafu kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi photosynthesis.Vagadziri, vanonziwo autotrophs, vanosanganisira zvirimwa, algae, mabhakitiriya, uye fungi.Autotrophs ndiyo nheyo yewebhu yezvokudya.

Vatengi vanovimba nevagadziri kune zvinovaka muviri.Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, uye detritivores zvinotsamira pasimba rezuva zvisina kunanga.Herbivores anodya zvirimwa nevamwe vanogadzira.Carnivores uye omnivores vanodya vese vanogadzira uye herbivores.Detritivores inoodza zvinomera nemhuka nekuzvipedza.

Fuels
Photosynthesis inokonzerawo zvose zvefossil mafuta paNyika.Masayendisiti anofungidzira kuti makore mabhiriyoni matatu apfuura, ma autotrophs ekutanga akashanduka munzvimbo dzemumvura.Chiedza chezuva chaiita kuti hupenyu hwezvirimwa hubudirire uye huchishanduka.Mushure mekunge autotrophs yafa, yakaora uye yakanyura muPasi, dzimwe nguva zviuru zvemamita.Izvi zvakaenderera mberi kwemamiriyoni emakore.

Pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye tembiricha yakakwira, zvisaririra izvi zvakava izvo zvatinoziva semafuta efossil.Zvipembenene zviduku zvakava petroleum, gasi rechisikigo, uye marasha.

Vanhu vakagadzira nzira dzekuchera mafuta aya nekuashandisa kuita simba.Nekudaro, mafuta efossil inzvimbo isingadzokerike sosi.Vanotora mamiriyoni emakore kuti vaumbe.

Kushandisa Solar Energy

Simba reSolar isimba rinogona kudzokororwa, uye matekinoroji mazhinji anogona kukohwa zvakananga kushandiswa mudzimba, mabhizinesi, zvikoro, uye zvipatara.Mamwe matekinoroji emagetsi ezuva anosanganisira photovoltaic masero uye mapaneru, yakawedzera simba rezuva, uye solar architecture.

Kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekutora mwaranzi yezuva uye kuishandura kuita simba rinoshandiswa.Nzira idzi dzinoshandisa simba rezuva rinoshanda kana kuti passive solar simba.

Active solar technologies anoshandisa magetsi kana mechanical zvishandiso kushandura simba rezuva kuita imwe nzira yesimba, kazhinji kupisa kana magetsi.Passive solar tekinoroji haashandise chero ekunze zvishandiso.Pane kudaro, vanotora mukana wemamiriro ekunze ekupisa zvivakwa munguva yechando, uye vanoratidza kupisa munguva yezhizha.

Photovoltaics

Photovoltaics imhando yeinoshanda solar tekinoroji yakawanikwa muna 1839 neane makore gumi nemapfumbamwe wechiFrench wefizikisi Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel.Becquerel akaona kuti paakaisa silver-chloride muine acidic solution ndokuiisa kuchiedza chezuva, maelectrode eplatinamu akabatanidzwa pairi aibudisa magetsi.Iyi nzira yekugadzira magetsi zvakananga kubva kumagetsi ezuva inonzi photovoltaic effect, kana photovoltaics.

Nhasi, photovoltaics ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa nzira yekushandisa simba rezuva.Photovoltaic arrays kazhinji inosanganisira solar panels, muunganidzwa wemakumi kana kunyange mazana emasolar maseru.

Sero rimwe nerimwe rezuva rine semiconductor, kazhinji yakagadzirwa nesilicon.Kana iyo semiconductor inobata chiedza chezuva, inogogodza maerekitironi.Nzvimbo yemagetsi inotungamira maerekitironi aya asina kusimba mumagetsi, achiyerera achienda kune rimwe divi.Metal contacts kumusoro uye kuzasi kwesolar cell inonangisa izvozvi kune chinhu chekunze.Chinhu chekunze chinogona kuva chidiki secalculator ine simba rezuva kana yakakura sechiteshi chemagetsi.

Photovoltaics yakatanga kushandiswa zvakanyanya pane spacecraft.Mazhinji masetelliti, kusanganisira International Space Station (ISS), anoratidza yakafara, anoratidza "mapapiro" emapanera ezuva.ISS ine mapapiro maviri e solar array (SAWs), rimwe nerimwe richishandisa masero ezuva anosvika 33,000.Aya masero ephotovoltaic anopa magetsi ese kuISS, achibvumira vazivi vemuchadenga kuti vashandise chiteshi, vagare vakachengeteka munzvimbo kwemwedzi yakawanda panguva, uye kuita ongororo dzesainzi nehuinjiniya.

Photovoltaic magetsi zviteshi zvakavakwa pasi rese.Zviteshi zvikuru zviri muUnited States, India, neChina.Zviteshi zvemagetsi izvi zvinobudisa mazana emamegawati emagetsi, anoshandiswa kugovera misha, mabhizimisi, zvikoro, uye zvipatara.

Photovoltaic tekinoroji inogonawo kuiswa pane diki diki.Solar panels uye masero anogona kugadziriswa padenga kana kunze kwemadziro ezvivakwa, achipa magetsi kune chimiro.Dzinogona kuiswa mumigwagwa kuenda kumigwagwa mikuru.Solar maseru idiki zvekukwanisa kugonesa kunyange midziyo midiki, senge macalculator, parking metres, marara macompactor, uye pombi dzemvura.

Yakasimbiswa Solar Energy

Imwe mhando yeanoshanda solar tekinoroji ndeye concentrated solar energy kana concentrated solar power (CSP).CSP tekinoroji inoshandisa malenzi uye magirazi kutarisa (concentrate) chiedza chezuva kubva munzvimbo yakakura kuenda munzvimbo diki.Iyi nzvimbo yakasimba yemwaranzi inopisa mvura, iyo inozogadzira magetsi kana kuwedzera imwe nzira.

Migove yezuva ndiyo muenzaniso wesimba rakawanda rezuva.Kune akawanda akasiyana marudzi emavira ezuva, anosanganisira solar power tower, parabolic troughs, uye Fresnel reflectors.Vanoshandisa nzira imwecheteyo yekubata uye kushandura simba.

Solar power tower anoshandisa maheliostats, magirazi akafuratira anotendeuka kutevera kutenderera kwezuva mudenga.Magirazi akarongwa akatenderedza nechepakati "muunganidzi tower," uye anoratidza chiedza chezuva mumwaranzi wakanyunguduka wechiedza chinopenya pane imwe nzvimbo pashongwe.

Mumagadzirirwo ekare eshongwe dzesimba rezuva, chiedza chezuva chakanyura chaipisa chigaba chemvura, icho chaiburitsa chiutsi chaifambisa turbine.Munguva pfupi yapfuura, dzimwe shongwe dzesimba rezuva dzinoshandisa sodium yemvura, ine yakanyanya kupisa simba uye inochengeta kupisa kwenguva yakareba.Izvi zvinoreva kuti mvura iyi haingosviki tembiricha ye773 kusvika 1,273K (500 ° kusvika 1,000 ° C kana 932 ° kusvika 1,832 ° F), asi inogona kuramba ichibika mvura uye ichigadzira simba kunyangwe zuva risingapenye.

Parabolic troughs uye Fresnel reflectors vanoshandisawo CSP, asi magirazi avo akaumbwa zvakasiyana.Parabolic magirazi akakombama, ane chimiro chakafanana nechigaro chechigaro.Fresnel reflectors inoshandisa flat, mitsetse yakatetepa yegirazi kutora chiedza chezuva nekuinangisa pachubhu yemvura.Fresnel reflectors ine nzvimbo yakawandisa kupfuura migero yeparabolic uye inogona kunangidzira simba rezuva kusvika kupeta 30 kusimba kwaro kwakaringana.

Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi ezuva zvakasimbiswa zvakatanga kugadzirwa muma1980.Nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo pasi rose inoteedzana yezvirimwa muMojave Desert mudunhu reUS California.Iyi Solar Energy Generating System (SEGS) inogadzira anopfuura 650 gigawatt-maawa emagetsi gore rega rega.Zvimwe zvirimwa zvakakura uye zvinoshanda zvakagadziridzwa muSpain neIndia.

Simba rezuva rakanyungudutswa rinogonawo kushandiswa pachiyero chidiki.Inogona kuunza kupisa kune solar cookers, semuenzaniso.Vanhu vari mumisha pasi rose vanoshandisa mabiki ezuva kubika mvura yeutsanana uye kubika zvokudya.

Midziyo yezuva inogovera zvakanakira zvakawanda kupfuura zvitofu zvinopfuta huni: Haisi ngozi yomoto, haibudisi utsi, haidi huni, uye inoderedza kuparara kwepokugara mumasango umo miti ingakohwewa nokuda kwehuni.Mabiki ezuva anobvumirawo vagari vomumusha kutsvaka nguva yedzidzo, yebhizimisi, yeutano, kana kuti yemhuri panguva yaimboshandiswa kuunganidza huni.Mabiki ezuva anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana seChad, Israel, India, nePeru.

Solar Architecture

Mukufamba kwezuva rose, simba rezuva chikamu chemaitiro ekupisa kwekupisa, kana kufamba kwekupisa kubva munzvimbo inodziya kuenda kune inotonhorera.Kana zuva rabuda, rinotanga kudziya zvinhu uye zvinhu paNyika.Kwezuva rose, zvinhu izvi zvinotora kupisa kubva mumwaranzi yezuva.Usiku, zuva parinonyura uye mhepo yakapoteredza pasi yatonhora, zvinhu zvacho zvinodzorera kupisa kwazvo mumhepo.

Passive solar simba matekiniki anotora mukana wekudziya kwechisikigo uye kutonhora maitiro.

Dzimba nezvimwe zvivakwa zvinoshandisa passive solar simba kugovera kupisa zvakanaka uye zvisingadhuri.Kuverenga "thermal mass" yechivako muenzaniso weizvi.Kupisa kwechivakwa ndiko kuwanda kwezvinhu zvinodziiswa zuva rese.Mienzaniso yehuremu hwekupisa kwechivako huni, simbi, kongiri, ivhu, dombo, kana madhaka.Husiku, thermal mass inoburitsa kupisa kwayo zvakare mukamuri.Sistimu dzinopinza mhepo dzinoshanda—mukoridho, mahwindo, uye madhamu emhepo—zvinogovera mhepo inodziya uye inochengeta tembiricha iri pakati nepakati, isingachinji.

Passive solar tekinoroji inowanzobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwechivako.Somuenzaniso, padanho rokuronga rokuvaka, injiniya kana kuti mugadziri wemapurani anogona kubatanidza chivako chacho nenzira yezuva nezuva kuti chigamuchire mwero unoshuva wezuva.Iyi nzira inotarisa latitude, urefu, uye yakajairwa gore rinofukidza yenzvimbo yakati.Pamusoro pezvo, zvivakwa zvinogona kuvakwa kana kudzokororwa kuti zvive nekupisa kwemafuta, kupisa kwemafuta, kana kuwedzera shading.

Mimwe mienzaniso yezvivakwa zvesolar matenga anotonhorera, zvipingamupinyi zvinopenya, uye matenga egirinhi.Denga rinotonhorera rinopendwa jena, uye rinoratidza mwaranzi yezuva pane kuitora.Nzvimbo yakachena inoderedza kuwanda kwekupisa kunosvika mukati mechivako, izvo zvinoderedza kuwanda kwesimba rinodiwa kutonhora chivako.

Zvipingamupinyi zvinopenya zvinoshanda zvakafanana nematenga anotonhorera.Vanopa insulation ine zvinhu zvinoratidzira zvakanyanya, senge aluminium foil.Iyo foil inoratidza, pachinzvimbo chekutora, kupisa, uye inogona kuderedza kutonhora mari kusvika gumi muzana.Pamusoro pematenga nepamusoro pedenga, zvipingamupinyi zvinopenya zvinogonawo kuiswa pasi peuriri.

Denga regirini matenga akazara nezvinomera.Vanoda ivhu nekudiridza kuti vatsigire zvirimwa, uye jira risingapindi mvura pasi.Denga rakasvibirira haringodzikisi kuwanda kwekupisa kunobatwa kana kurasikirwa, asiwo kunopa zvinomera.Kuburikidza nephotosynthesis, zvinomera zviri pamatenga egirinhi zvinotora carbon dioxide uye zvinobudisa oxygen.Vanosefa zvinosvibisa kubva mumvura inonaya nemhepo, uye vanobvisa zvimwe zvinokonzeresa kushandiswa kwesimba munzvimbo iyoyo.

Denga regirini rave tsika muScandinavia kwemazana emakore, uye ichangobva kuve yakakurumbira muAustralia, Western Europe, Canada, uye United States.Semuyenzaniso, Ford Motor Company yakafukidza 42,000 square metres (450,000 square feet) yematenga ayo eplant plant muDearborn, Michigan, ane zvinomera.Kuwedzera pakuderedza kubudiswa kwegasi regreenhouse, matenga acho anoderedza kuyerera kwemvura yemadutu nokutora masendimita anoverengeka emvura inonaya.

Denga regirini uye matenga anotonhorera anogonawo kupikisa "mudhorobha kupisa chitsuwa" mhedzisiro.Mumaguta akabatikana, tembiricha inogona kuramba yakakwira kupfuura nzvimbo dzakatenderedza.Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoparira izvi: Maguta anovakwa nezvinhu zvakadai seasphalt nekongiri zvinotora kupisa;zvivako zvirefu zvinovhara mhepo nemigumisiro yayo yekutonhodza;uye huwandu hwakawanda hwekupisa kwemarara hunogadzirwa neindasitiri, traffic, uye huwandu hwevanhu.Kushandisa nzvimbo iripo padenga kudyara miti, kana kuratidza kupisa nematenga machena, zvinogona kuderedza zvishoma tembiricha yenzvimbo munzvimbo dzemaguta.

Solar Energy uye Vanhu

Sezvo chiedza chezuva chichingopenya kweinenge hafu yezuva munzvimbo dzakawanda dzepasi, ruzivo rwesimba rezuva rinofanira kusanganisira nzira dzokuchengeta nadzo simba racho munguva dzerima.

Thermal mass systems inoshandisa parafini wakisi kana marudzi akasiyana-siyana emunyu kuchengetedza simba iri mumhando yekupisa.Photovoltaic masisitimu anogona kutumira magetsi akawandisa kune giredhi yemagetsi emunharaunda, kana kuchengetedza simba mumabhatiri anochajiswa.

Pane zvakawanda zvakanakira nekuipira kushandisa simba rezuva.

Zvakanakira
Kubatsira kukuru pakushandisa simba rezuva nderekuti inzvimbo inogona kuvandudzwa.Tichava nechiedza chakatsiga, chisina muganhu kwemamwe makore mabhiriyoni mashanu.Muawa imwe chete, mhepo yepanyika inogamuchira chiedza chezuva chakakwana kuti chigone kugonesa magetsi emunhu wese ari paNyika kwegore.

Simba rezuva rakachena.Mushure mekunge tekinoroji yezuva yavakwa uye kuiswa panzvimbo, simba rezuva haridi mafuta kuti rishande.Izvo zvakare hazvibudise greenhouse magasi kana zvinhu zvine chepfu.Kushandisa simba rezuva kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kukanganisa kwatinako pane zvakatipoteredza.

Kune nzvimbo uko simba rezuva rinoshanda.Dzimba nezvivakwa munzvimbo dzine chiedza chezuva chakawanda uye makore mashoma ane mukana wekushandisa simba rakawanda rezuva.

Vabiki vezuva vanopa imwe nzira yakanakisa yekubika nezvitofu zvehuni-izvo vanhu vane mabhiriyoni maviri vachiri kuvimba nazvo.Solar cooker inopa yakachena uye yakachengetedzeka nzira yekuchenesa mvura uye kubika chikafu.

Simba reSolar rinozadzisa mamwe masimba anogona kudzokororwa, semhepo kana simba remagetsi.

Dzimba kana mabhizinesi anoisa ma solar panel akabudirira anogona kuburitsa magetsi akawandisa.Ava varidzi vedzimba kana varidzi vebhizinesi vanogona kutengesa simba kumashure kune wemagetsi mupi, kudzikisa kana kutobvisa mabhiri emagetsi.

Zvakaipa
Chinhu chikuru chinodzivisa kushandisa simba rezuva ndicho midziyo inodiwa.Solar tekinoroji michina inodhura.Kutenga uye kuisa michina inogona kuita makumi ezviuru zvemadhora padzimba dzega.Kunyange zvazvo hurumende ichiwanzopa mitero yakaderedzwa kuvanhu uye mabhizimisi anoshandisa simba rezuva, uye teknolojia inogona kubvisa mabhiri emagetsi, mutengo wekutanga wakakwirisa zvokuti vakawanda havangafungi.

Solar energy equipment zvakare inorema.Kuti ugadzirise kana kuisa solar panel padenga rechivako, denga racho rinofanira kunge rakasimba, rakakura, uye rakananga kunzira yezuva.

Zvese zviri zviviri zvinoshanda uye zvisingaite tekinoroji yezuva zvinoenderana nezvinhu zviri kunze kwesimba redu, semamiriro ekunze uye gore rinovhara.Nzvimbo dzemunharaunda dzinofanirwa kuongororwa kuti zvione kana simba rezuva ringashanda munzvimbo iyoyo.

Chiedza chezuva chinofanira kunge chakawanda uye chichienderana kuitira kuti simba rezuva rive sarudzo inoshanda.Munzvimbo zhinji paPasi, kusiyana kwechiedza chezuva kunoita kuti zviome kushandisa seyo chete tsime resimba.